The History of Venice

Venice 2026: Celebrating its Centennial

Today’s Venice is shaped by a rich heritage. The area of Venice was originally the home of native people who lived more than 12,000 years ago. Although Florida was occupied by the Spanish in the sixteenth century, much of its southwestern coast remained a wilderness.

In the 1870s, Richard Roberts established a homestead south of Roberts Bay. He planted an orange grove and other crops. In 1884, he sold a portion of his holdings to Frank Higel who established a citrus operation producing canned citrus items, such as jams, pickled orange peel, lemon juice, and orange wine.

In 1911, the railroad was extended south of Roberts Bay and a train station named Venice was built, opening the area to development. Bertha Honoré Palmer, a Chicago businesswoman, through her Sarasota-Venice Company platted a small town called Venice west of the Venice train station. Eventually, the post office named Venice, originally located in present day Nokomis, was moved to a building near the Venice train station. Venice remained a small fishing resort and farming community until the early 1920s.

L to R: Lord-Higel House (built in 1896); Bertha Honoré Palmer (1849-1918)

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Dr. Fred Albee

By 1925, Dr. Fred H. Albee, a well-known orthopedic surgeon, had purchased 2,916 acres of land from the Sarasota-Venice Company and retained John Nolen, a world-renowned city planner, to design a city called Venice.

In October 1925, before Albee could implement his plan for Venice, the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers (BLE) purchased his Venice property and acquired other property south to Englewood and east to the Myakka River. The BLE, as part of the purchase agreement with Dr. Albee, retained Nolen to develop their city plan that differed somewhat from the plan completed for Albee. The BLE Realty Company was organized to implement the BLE Venice plan. The George A. Fuller Company was selected as the contractor; the New York architectural firm of Walker and Gillette, as supervising architects; and Prentiss French, as landscape architect.

The Hotel Venice at 200 North Nassau Street was the first structure built by the BLE and opened on June 21, 1926. Residential construction started in July 1926, with the construction of three large residences on Venice Avenue west of the downtown commercial district. At the same time, moderately priced homes were built in the Edgewood Section.

In October 1926, construction started on a second BLE hotel at 238 Tampa Avenue, known as the San Marco. This three-story, 92-room hotel was built with a steel-framed structure, structural clay block walls and stucco exterior.

In December 1926, Venice held its first town council meeting and formed the police and fire departments. Governor John Martin appointed Edward L. Worthington as the first mayor of Venice. In January 1927, the Edgewood property owners petitioned to be annexed into the town’s corporate limits. On May 9, 1927, the state legislature changed the designation of Venice from “town” to “city” by amending the enabling legislation.

As the 1920 decade came to a close, so did the Florida land boom. In the early 1930s, the situation was bleak. City employees went unpaid and the electric street lights were turned off, because the bills could not be paid. Eventually the BLE real estate operations went into receivership and BLE holdings were liquidated. Most of the unsold land eventually reverted to Albee and other creditors.

In 1932, the Kentucky Military Institute (KMI) of Lyndon, Kentucky, rented the Hotel Venice and the San Marco Hotel as a winter headquarters for the school. KMI purchased the properties in December 1939. For the next 40 plus years, cadets, teachers and some parents would arrive shortly after New Year’s Day and stay until Easter. In 1971, the military school closed its doors.

In 1933, Dr. Albee purchased the Park View Hotel (now the site of the Venice post office in the 300 block of Venice Avenue) and established the Florida Medical Center. In 1943, the Army Air Corps expropriated the facility for a military hospital with Dr. Albee retaining ownership.

In May 1942, the Venice Army Air Base was established on land south of San Marco Drive. The base provided training for combat fighter pilots and ground crewmen. After World War II, the City of Venice acquired the air field with the stipulation it always be used for aviation or revert to federal ownership.

From 1960 to 1991, Venice was the winter quarters of the Ringling Brothers and Barnum & Bailey Circus. The arena built for the circus was demolished in 2014. In 1968, Clown College was created by circus owner Irvin Feld to train clowns in the “Ringling style.” The college left Venice in the early 1990s and closed in 1997.

Explore more history

Venice History Museum

The museum offers permanent and changing exhibits on the history of Venice and its neighboring communities, displayed in the historic 1927 Triangle Inn. Its collection includes 30,000+ photographs, archives, objects, and publications pertaining to area history. The museum is part of the Department of Historical Resources for the City of Venice.

Tours, exhibits, gift shop
Free admission
Year round: Wed, Thurs, Fri from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m.
First & third Saturdays 11:00 a.m. – 3:00 p.m. (October – April)
351 Nassau Street South, Venice, FL 34285
941-486-2487

Old Betsy Museum

The Old Betsy Museum is an open-view storage facility to house and display Venice’s first fire truck. The 1926 Type 75 Triple Combination Pumper can be viewed through the windows, along with Venice Fire Department memorabilia.

There is no public access to the inside of the building, but public viewing of Old Betsy is available 24/7 outside. It is located adjacent to the Venice Museum & Archives / Triangle Inn building.

343 Nassau Street South, Venice, FL 34285
Venice Museum & Archives: 941-486-2487

Venice Heritage, Inc.

Venice Heritage, Inc. educates the public about area history and provides financial support to city owned historical resources.

WHAT VHI DOES:
– Presents history lectures and programs
– Publishes books on local history
– Participates in community events, like the annual Book Fair & Writers Festival
– Raises funds for City-owned Historical Resources and Preservation Projects

Venice Area Historical Society

VAHS promotes public awareness and understanding of the historic heritage of Florida, Sarasota County, and the Venice area, within the context of our nation’s history, and to encourage inquiry and research into this history. VAHS sponsors a wide variety of educational programs and initiatives – lecture series, newsletters, outreach to schools and other local organizations, tours of the Historic Venice Train Depot Campus, a historic plaque program, scholarships for graduating high school seniors, the VAHS Traveling Exhibition, and research into area history.

Tours of the Circus Car and Train Depot
Free admission
303 E. Venice Ave. Venice FL 34285
941-412-0151
View tour schedule

Photo credit: Venice Aerial Photography